Mediterranean cyclones: current knowledge and open questions on dynamics, prediction, climatology and impacts

Abstract. A large number of intense cyclones occur every year in the Mediterranean basin, one climate change hotspots. Producing a broad range severe socio-economic and environmental impacts such densely populated region, call for coordinated interdisciplinary research efforts. This article aims at supporting these efforts by reviewing status knowledge field cyclones. First, we focus on climatology cyclone tracks, their relationship to large-scale atmospheric circulation future trends. Second, discuss dynamics processes that govern genesis development Then, present different subtypes cyclones, devoting special attention medicanes, i.e. with tropical characteristics subjects numerous recent studies. In subsequent section, review state art forecasting relevant high-impact weather, detail challenges increase forecast skill. Finally, main produced namely heavy precipitation, windstorms, dust transport, storm surges sea wave extremes. last section this article, thoroughly outline directions would advance broader